AP26100207 «Development of technology for producing environmentally friendly nanomodified cutting fluids based on vegetable oils»

The global market for metalworking fluids/cutting fluids (MWFs) remains dominated by synthetic and petroleum-based products (≈ two-thirds), whose use entails significant environmental risks: contamination of surface and groundwater, air, and soil, with downstream impacts on food security and public health. Against this backdrop, the development of a technology for environmentally friendly, nanomodified, vegetable-oil-based cutting fluids-with an eye to application in MQL systems (minimum quantity lubrication)- is highly relevant. The biodegradability of vegetable bases reduces toxic environmental loads, while enhanced thermal conductivity and improved tribological properties achieved via nanoparticles (Al2O3, TiO2, MWCNT, Cu, Ag) enable more effective cooling and lubrication of the cutting zone at minimal flow rates. A comprehensive study of a broad set of vegetable oils (coconut, soybean, castor, sunflower, rapeseed, palm, jojoba) with selection of optimal nanocomponents will provide a scientifically and practically meaningful alternative to mineral-oil MWFs, aimed at shrinking the environmental footprint and resource intensity of metalworking.

Modification of cutting fluids based on vegetable oils with nanoparticles in order to obtain environmentally friendly nanofluids for use in mechanical processing of metals.

1. A method for producing nanomodified cutting and cooling lubricants (CCL) based on vegetable oils has been developed.

2. The obtained composition has been combined with MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) technology, ensuring the environmental safety of CCLs used in metal machining.

3. Data on the required physical and chemical properties of CCLs for MQL systems have been obtained.

4. The features of using vegetable oils in MQL technology have been studied.

5. Based on the obtained data, a methodology for synthesizing nanomodified CCLs has been developed and optimized.

6. The optimal composition of the CCL and the effective concentration of nanoparticles have been determined, and a technology for nanomodification of lubricating and cooling fluids has been created.

7. An effective method for stabilizing nanofluids has been established.

8. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of various nanomodified CCL compositions have been studied.

9. The temperature dependence and stability of the obtained nanofluids have been determined.

10. Experimental studies of metal cutting processes in the environment of nanomodified CCLs have been carried out.

11. Various technological regimes for supplying nanomodified CCLs have been tested.

12. The surface properties of metals treated with different CCL compositions have been investigated.

13. The obtained experimental data have been analyzed, and the main issues affecting the performance of the developed CCLs have been identified.

14. Considering the identified issues, the composition and production technology of nanomodified CCLs have been improved.

15. Repeated experiments with improved nanofluid compositions have been conducted.

16. A comparative analysis of surface quality and performance for different compositions of CCLs has been performed.

17. The heat transfer process during metal cutting in a nanomodified CCL environment has been modeled based on the experimental data.

18. Recommendations for the use of nanomodified CCLs in material machining have been developed.

19. Based on the project results, at least three (3) scientific articles and/or reviews will be published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in Web of Science (Science Citation Index Expanded) and/or Scopus, included in Q1–Q3 quartiles or having a CiteScore percentile of at least 60.

20. At least two (2) additional articles or reviews will be published in peer-reviewed foreign or domestic journals recommended by KOKNVO, one of which must belong to the multidisciplinary category.

21. For domestic journals from KOKNVO List 1, which are not multidisciplinary, journals indexed in two or more categories from Lists 1 and 2 will be accepted.

22. The project results will be realized through publications in the following international journals:

- Wear (Scopus CiteScore 88%, Web of Science Q1), Elsevier;

- Results in Engineering (Scopus CiteScore 82%, Web of Science Q1), Elsevier;

- Journal of Manufacturing Processes (Scopus CiteScore 89%, Web of Science Q1), Elsevier;

- or other peer-reviewed journals indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded and/or Scopus (CiteScore ≥ 60%).

23. For domestic publications, results will be published in:

- Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan (KOKNVO List 2, Physical and Chemical Sciences);

- Bulletin of the National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan (KOKNVO List 2, Physical Sciences);

- Bulletin of D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University (KOKNVO List 2, interdisciplinary journal indexed in Engineering, ICT, Architecture, and Construction).

24. The training of one PhD student is planned, with a research topic directly related to the project theme.

25. Research results will also be presented in mass media and at domestic and international scientific conferences for testing and dissemination.

26. The application field of the project is mechanical engineering.

27. The developed nanomodified CCLs will have environmentally safe properties, which are essential for environmental protection and sustainable development goals.

28. The practical significance of the project lies in the development of a technology for producing eco-friendly cutting and cooling lubricants intended to replace toxic and non-degradable mineral-based fluids used in industry.